Mā te pāwhiri i "Accept All Pihikete", e e whakaae ana koe ki te rokiroki pihikete i tō pūrere hei whakarei ake i te whakaterenga pae, te tātari i te whakamahinga o te pae, me te āwhina i ā mātou mahi whakatairanga. Tirohia tā mātou Kaupapahere Tūmataitinga mō ngā kōrero anō.
Ngā Manakohanga Whakakore Whakaae

Hītori o Waitangi

History of Waitangi

Kīia ai a Waitangi te 'Wāhi i whānau ai tō tātou Whenua', ā, ka raranga tahi i ngā aho me ngā kōrero o ngā iwi, ngā mahi me ngā wāhi nunui hei whakaatu i te hītori ahurea rētō o Aotearoa, me te aha ka tuku i te wheako whakamanawa, whaitake hoki ki ngā manuhiri katoa.

Waitangi Treaty Grounds is a place for all New Zealanders and the place where much of New Zealand’s history was shaped through the signing of the Declaration of Independence, He Whakaputanga, in 1835 and the Treaty of Waitangi, Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840

Today, Waitangi can be seen as a tūrangawaewae for all those who call New Zealand home – a place where they can stand and feel they belong. The events leading up to the signing of these documents, the actual signing and their ongoing relevance to our nation are fully examined in Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi.

Waitangi; Mr Busby’s (detail) by John Kinder (Collection of Waitangi National Trust WNT1962/4/1)

Waitangi; Mr Busby’s (detail) by John Kinder (Collection of Waitangi National Trust WNT1962/4/1)

Scene at the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840 (detail) by L.C. Mitchell (Collection of Waitangi National Trust WNT1949/18/1)

Scene at the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840 (detail) by L.C. Mitchell (Collection of Waitangi National Trust WNT1949/18/1)

Sir Āpirana Ngata leading the haka at the opening of Te Whare Rūnanga, 6 February 1940 from the New Zealand Centenary Album (Collection of Waitangi National Trust 1989/166/1)

Sir Āpirana Ngata leading the haka at the opening of Te Whare Rūnanga, 6 February 1940 from the New Zealand Centenary Album (Collection of Waitangi National Trust 1989/166/1)

Te Hītori o Neherā

The earliest reference to Waitangi in oral tradition comes hundreds of years prior to European arrival. Maikuku, a puhi descended from Rāhiri and the mother of Te Rā, the founding ancestor of the hapū Ngāti Rāhiri was placed in a cave on the Waitangi peninsula; an area now known as Te Ana o Maikuku. For more information on Maikuku and the hapū Ngāti Rāhiri and Ngāti Kawa click here.

E tohu ana ngā tirotirohanga whaipara o te Papawhenua o te Waitangi National Trust i ngā pae koni atu i te 100, ko te nuinga i te takutai, e pātata ana rānei ki te manga o Hutia. He ahu otaota kota te maha, erangi kua tautohungia ētahi hei wāhi tapu, ka mutu, ka kitea he taunakitanga o tētahi pā i te wāhi o te papa korowhā. I whakaatu mai ngā kōrero a ngā tāngata tuatahi nō Urupi ehara i te nui te taupori o Waitangi, ā, ko te āhua rā i nohoia ngā kāinga mō ētahi wāhanga o te tau anake. He kāinga ērā e whai pānga ana ki ngā kāinga mai i te Aka o te Awa o Waitangi tae atu ki Roto Ōwhareiti, ā, i nohoia e Ngāti Rāhiri ngā pā i Waitangi, Te Aute, Pākaraka me Pou.

Ko ngā Pākehā tuatahi ki te whakariterite i te hokonga whenua i Waitangi ko ngā Hall, he mihingare nāna i hoko te 50 eka mai i Waraki o Ngātou Pou i te 1815. I tae atu ngā Hall me ngā kaikani tokorua, a Conroy rāua ko Campbell, ki Waitangi, ā, ka hīraungia pōkerehūngia ki ngā mahi tōrangapū whakatete o te wā. Ko te mutunga mai o taua whakatete ko te hīrere whakarekereke, me te aha ka wehe atu a Conroy rātou ko Campbell ko ngā Hall i Waitangi i te 1815 me te 1816.

The British
Residency

I te tau 1831 i tukuna he reta nā Te Whakaminenga arā Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Niu Tireni, i Kororipo Pā i Kerikeri ki te Karauna o Piritene. I tono whakamaru taua reta mō te Māori me te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā kaipūwhenua e taetae mai ana. He mea kopou a Hēmi Puhipi e te Karauna i te tau 1832, ka whakamanahia hei Kainoho Tuatahi Piritene ōkawa o Aotearoa.

I hoko a Puhipi i te tīti a Hall, me te whakaoti i ngā whakawhitinga whenua motuhake e iwa ki ētahi rangatira o ngā hapū o te takiwā, ko te 270 eka te tapeke. I hangaia te Nohonga o te Kainoho Piritene (ko te Whare Tiriti kē ināianei) i runga i taua whenua.

I te tau 1834 i tono a Puhipi kia haere mai Te Whakaminenga ki Waitangi ki te kōwhiri i tētahi haki hou e tautohungia ai rātou. I tū tētahi pōtitanga i te 20 o Māehe i taua tau, ā, ka kōwhiringia Te Kara o te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Nu Tireni.

He Whakaputanga
o te Rangatiratanga
o Niu Tireni 1835

By 1835 a growing desire for international recognition of New Zealand (and its governance) led to a meeting of chiefs at Waitangi. Concerned about the intentions of the growing number of Europeans, the chiefs put their signatures to a document which declared New Zealand a ‘whenua rangatira’, an independent country. He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tireni (Declaration of Independence of New Zealand) was acknowledged and supported by the British Government and continued to make its way around New Zealand gathering signatures until 1839.

I te marama o Hune 1835 kua tere mai te tangata Wīwī, ko Charles Phillipe de Thierry te ingoa, ki roto i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ka mutu, ka tauākī mai ko ia te Kīngi o Nuku Hiva o Ngā Motu o Mākiha. Kātahi ka whakamōhio atu i a Hēmi Puhipi ki tōna hiahia ki te tau mai ki uta ki Aotearoa me te whakatū ko ia anō hei "ariki tauaroa" o Aotearoa1. I kitea mārikatia e Hēmi Puhipi te koronga o De Thierry ki te kerēme i te tino rangatiratanga hei whakatuma hāngai ki te tūnga me te mana o Piritene i Aotearoa, me te aha ka whakautua ki tāna anō whakapuakanga.

E noho ana He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni i te tau 1835 te Whakaputanga whaimana o te Tino Rangatiratanga o te Māori ki runga i ngā whenua i mōhiongia i mua ko Nu Tireni, erangi e mōhio nuitia ana hei Aotearoa. I tuhi tuatahitia tēnei puka turepapa e Puhipi, nāna i whakarite kia whakamāoritia e te Minita Hēnare Wiremu nō te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare.

He whā ngā upoko o He Whakaputanga. Ko te tuatahi, ka whakapuaki ngā Rangatira o Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Niu Tireni, ko Aotearoa he whenua tū motuhake. Ko te tuarua, ka noho pūmau ngā mana rangatiratanga o Aotearoa ki ngā rangatira tōpū o te whenua. Whai mai i ērā ka tū he hui taumata i ia ngahuru ki Waitangi, ā, ko tā te upoko tuawhā, he whakarite kia whakaratohia he kape mā te Kīngi o Ingarangi. Nā Eruera Pare Hongi, he whanaunga tata ki a Hongi Hika, tētahi tauira whakamutunga o He Whakaputanga i whakaputa tērā i haina rawatia e ngā rangatira 34 o te Tai Tokerau i te 28 o Oketopa.

Ko tā Hēmi Puhipi āwhina ko tana tuku inamata i taua Whakaputanga ki te tari koroniara i Piritene, ā, i hoatu ōkawatia ki a Kīngi Wiremu Te Tuaono nāna i whakapūmau i te mana rangatiratanga o te Māori mā te rēhita i te haki tuatahi o Nu Tireni -  Te Kara2. Tae mai ki Hūrae 1839, kua waitohua te pepa e ētahi atu rangatira 18 mai i ngā tōpito e whā o te motu.

  Ki te Māori, he tāpaetanga kōrero He Whakaputanga o tō rātou mana i runga i ngā whenua e mōhiotia ana ko Aotearoa. Ki ngā iwi o Te Tai Tokerau e kitea mārikatia ana He Whakaputanga hei pepa matua ki Te Tiriti, me tā rātou kī he mea āta hiahia te whakamanatanga o te tino rangatiratanga kia taea ai te Tiriti o Waitangi i whai atu i te tau 1840 te whakatūte 3. Mō te taha ki a James Busby, kua kī mai ētahi he hoari matarua He Whakaputanga, arā he taputapu hei ārai i ngā kerēme Wīwī ki te mana rangatiratanga, me te āwhina ki te whakatairanga i te hononga mahi kaha ake ki te Māori i taua wā tonu.

The Treaty of Waitangi

I Hanuere 1840 ka tae mai a Wiremu Hopihana ki Pēwhairangi i runga anō i te tono a te Kāwanatanga o Piritene kia hangaia he tiriti ki te Māori. Nā Hēmi Puhi i tuku kia whakahaerengia e ia he hui ki te taha o Te Whakaminenga hei whakarongo ki tā Hopihana marohi.

I tae mai te hia rau Māori ki te hui kōrerorero i te 5 o Pepuere i Waitangi, me te taenga tawhiti mai o ētahi rangatira nō Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Nā Hopihana ngā kupu Ingarihi i tuhi, nā Puhipi i whakatika, i mua i te whakawhitinga ki te reo Māori e te Minita Henare Wiremu rāua ko tana tama a Erueti, ka mutu, ka tāpaengia ki te aroaro o ngā rangatira.

I whakaputa te tokomaha o ngā rangatira i ō rātou whakaaro, ahakoa whakaae, ahakoa whakahē, mō te haina i te tiriti e marohitia ana. I haere tonu ngā kōrerorero tae ki te pō roa, ā, i te ata o te 6 o Pēpuere i reri ētahi rangatira ki te haina.

I kawea haeretia he kape o Te Tiriti o Waitangi ki ngā rohe o te whenua kia waitohua ai. I Mei i taua tau, i whakaputaina e Hopihana te Pānui Tino Rangatiratanga, i kī i a Kuini WIkitoria te 'Tino Rangatiranga katoa o ngā Motu o Nu Tireni'. I pērā ahakoa e kawea haerehia tonuhia ana he kape o te Tiriti kia hainangia ai. I te mutunga o te haerenga e whitu marama te roa o ngā kape Tiriti, tata ki te 540 ngā rangatira kua haina. Heoi he maha horekau i haina, erangi ki a Hopihana me te Tari Koroni kua whiwhi kē i a rātou te 'whakaae herekore i runga i te mōhio' a ngā rangatira Māori.

I Muri i te Tiriti

Nā ngā rerekētanga i ngā kupu o te tauira reo Ingarihi me te tauira reo Māori e pā ana ki te tino rangatiratanga me te pupuri whenua me ētahi atu rawa, kua puta mai te nanu nunui mai anō i te hainatanga. I roto i te rima tau kua tīmata ake ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa nā te Pakanga o Kororāreka. I haere ngā pakanga i ngā wāhi rerekē o te whenua mō ētahi ngahuru tau, me te aha he nui ngā mate, he nui ngā oranga i ngaro, he nui ngā whenua i raupatuhia.

Tae mai ki 1867, kua tino nui ake te maha o te Pākehā i tō te Māori, ā, kua raupatungia te nuinga o ngā whenua o te Māori. Ka tukuna e whā ngā tūru pāremata ki te Māori, ā, mai i tēnei orokohanga tōrangapū i tupu mai tō te Māori kaha i roto, i waho hoki i te pūnaha tōrangapū.

Whai muri i te koni atu i te 100 tau ko te hua o tō te Māori aumangea ko te whakamanatanga o te Ture Tiriti o Waitangi i te 1975, he ture e urungi ana me te arataki i te ngā take me ngā kerēme katoa e pā ana ki te Tiriti i Aotearoa. Nā taua ture i whakatūria ai Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi e whakawāwā ana, e whakatau kerēme ana mai i te 1975, me ana mahi haere tonu hei wāhanga taketake o tō te Māori onāianei ū tonu ki te takaoraora me te manawaroa o ō rātou tūpuna.

Ko te Rā o Waitangi, he rā whakanui i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi, he whakaaetanga o ngā mahi hītori o Aotearoa, ka mutu ka tuku i te whai wāhitanga ki ngā tāngata katoa o Aotearoa ki te whai whakaaro ki te tūnga o te Tiriti i tēnei rā tonu. I ēnei tau tata kua pahure e huihui tahi ana ngā rōpū tōrangapū rerekē o te Kāwanatanga i Te Whare Rūnanga, te wāhi i haina tuatahingia ai te Tiriti, ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te mana whenua.

‍Header image credit:

Ivy Copeland pastel. "Commissioned by Lord Bledisloe in 1930s". Copy of Louis Steele's original. (WNT1999.3.1)

1 Sinclair, Keith (1986). A History of New Zealand (3rd ed.).Auckland, New Zealand. Pp. 52-53.

2 Te Kara – A flag established in 1834 by James Busby, assisted by northen chiefs and Eruera Pare Hongi.

3 Wīhongi (1990). Ngāpuhi Speaks.